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代码讲解已合并到高亮预览的代码注释里

⚡ 城市能源系统 · 电力调度中心 · 学员手册

第二季：文明进化计划 · 第2课（总第十课） | 70-80 分钟 | 城市能源系统 | +240 EXP | ⚡

你将学会	你将完成
嵌套字典	保存城区、发电厂、环保设施数据
`.items()`	同时遍历名称和内部数据
`.values()` + `sum()`	汇总城市总需求和总供给
函数 `return`	返回供需差、状态、建议
`sorted()` + `lambda`	按优先级生成调度顺序
状态字段 `online`	模拟发电厂或环保设施故障
环保评分	同时考虑污染和处理能力

一、剧情

身份认证系统上线后，文明城市终于有了核心入口。但城市要真正运行，必须稳定供电。

本课目标：做一套能管理太阳能、风力、水力、垃圾分类发电、核能、污水处理和空气净化的城市能源控制中心。

二、核心代码速记

python

districts = {
    '医院区': {'need': 180, 'priority': 1, 'can_reduce': 0},
    '工厂区': {'need': 260, 'priority': 4, 'can_reduce': 120},
}
plants = {
    '水力发电厂': {'power': 220, 'online': True, 'pollution': 3},
    '垃圾分类发电厂': {'power': 140, 'online': True, 'pollution': 22},
    '核能发电厂': {'power': 500, 'online': True, 'pollution': 6},
}

total_need = sum(info['need'] for info in districts.values())
ordered = sorted(districts.items(), key=lambda item: item[1]['priority'])

记忆口诀：先建数据，再做汇总；先看缺口，再排优先级；故障来了，报告说话。

三、6 关挑战

城市设施数据：理解城区、发电厂、环保设施的嵌套字典。
遍历设施网络：用 .items() 拿到名称和信息。
汇总供需与环保：用 sum() 计算总需求、总供给和环保评分。
能源分析函数：用 return 返回 gap、status、advice。
故障与排序：修改 FAULT_STATION，观察水电、核能、垃圾发电或污水处理故障。
发布能源控制中心：生成能源与环保完整报告和 turtle 面板。

四、可修改参数

想改什么	改哪里
低电量预警阈值	`LOW_POWER_GAP`
故障设施	`FAULT_STATION`
城区用电量	`districts` 里的 `need`
城区优先级	`districts` 里的 `priority`
可限电量	`districts` 里的 `can_reduce`
发电厂供电量	`plants` 里的 `power`
发电厂污染值	`plants` 里的 `pollution`
环保设施耗电	`city_facilities` 里的 `power_need`
环保处理能力	`city_facilities` 里的 `treatment`

五、课后作业

把城市能源系统改成自己的版本：新增一个城区，新增一个发电厂或环保设施，模拟一次故障，截图最终能源与环保报告。

Ctrl+/ 注释 · ▶ 运行

# ⚡ 第二季第2课：城市能源系统 · 电力调度中心
# 目标：用数据结构和调度算法，让文明城市稳定供电
import turtle

# ==================== 可修改参数区 ====================
LOW_POWER_GAP = 80        # 备用电量低于 80 进入预警
FAULT_STATION = '风力站'  # 可改成 '无' / '太阳能站' / '风力站' / '水力发电厂' / '垃圾分类发电厂' / '核能发电厂' / '污水处理厂'

districts = {
    '医院区': {'need': 180, 'priority': 1, 'can_reduce': 0},
    '学校区': {'need': 120, 'priority': 2, 'can_reduce': 20},
    '住宅区': {'need': 220, 'priority': 3, 'can_reduce': 40},
    '工厂区': {'need': 260, 'priority': 4, 'can_reduce': 120},
}

plants = {
    '太阳能站': {'power': 180, 'online': True, 'type': 'renewable', 'pollution': 0},
    '风力站': {'power': 160, 'online': True, 'type': 'renewable', 'pollution': 0},
    '水力发电厂': {'power': 220, 'online': True, 'type': 'renewable', 'pollution': 3},
    '垃圾分类发电厂': {'power': 140, 'online': True, 'type': 'waste-to-energy', 'pollution': 22},
    '核能发电厂': {'power': 500, 'online': True, 'type': 'nuclear', 'pollution': 6},
    '主电网': {'power': 360, 'online': True, 'type': 'grid', 'pollution': 35},
    '备用电源': {'power': 120, 'online': True, 'type': 'backup', 'pollution': 45},
}

city_facilities = {
    '垃圾分类中心': {'power_need': 45, 'online': True, 'treatment': 35},
    '污水处理厂': {'power_need': 90, 'online': True, 'treatment': 55},
    '空气净化塔': {'power_need': 60, 'online': True, 'treatment': 25},
}

try:
    RUN_LEVEL = int(input('选择关卡 1-6：'))
except:
    RUN_LEVEL = 1

# ==================== 工具函数区 ====================
def calculate_need(city_districts, facilities):
    district_need = sum(info['need'] for info in city_districts.values())
    facility_need = sum(info['power_need'] for info in facilities.values() if info['online'])
    return district_need + facility_need

def calculate_supply(power_plants):
    return sum(info['power'] for info in power_plants.values() if info['online'])

def calculate_environment_score(power_plants, facilities):
    pollution = sum(info['pollution'] for info in power_plants.values() if info['online'])
    treatment = sum(info['treatment'] for info in facilities.values() if info['online'])
    score = 100 - pollution + treatment
    return max(0, min(100, score))

def analyze_energy(total_need, total_supply):
    gap = total_supply - total_need
    if gap >= LOW_POWER_GAP:
        status = 'stable'
        advice = '供电稳定，保持正常运行'
    elif gap >= 0:
        status = 'warning'
        advice = '备用电量偏低，建议进入节能模式'
    else:
        status = 'shortage'
        advice = '电力不足，按优先级限电并启动应急方案'
    return gap, status, advice

def apply_fault(power_plants, station_name):
    if station_name != '无' and station_name in power_plants:
        power_plants[station_name]['online'] = False
        return station_name + ' 故障，已下线'
    if station_name != '无' and station_name in city_facilities:
        city_facilities[station_name]['online'] = False
        return station_name + ' 故障，环保处理能力下降'
    return '没有发电站故障'

def get_dispatch_order(city_districts):
    return sorted(city_districts.items(), key=lambda item: item[1]['priority'])

def make_dispatch_plan(city_districts, shortage):
    plan = []
    remaining = max(0, shortage)
    ordered = sorted(city_districts.items(), key=lambda item: item[1]['priority'], reverse=True)
    for name, info in ordered:
        reduce_power = min(info['can_reduce'], remaining)
        if reduce_power > 0:
            plan.append(name + ' 限电 ' + str(reduce_power) + ' MW')
            remaining -= reduce_power
    if remaining > 0:
        plan.append('仍缺口 ' + str(remaining) + ' MW，需要外部支援')
    if not plan:
        plan.append('无需限电')
    return plan

def draw_energy_panel(total_need, total_supply, gap, status, env_score, plan):
    turtle.reset()
    turtle.speed(0)
    turtle.bgcolor('#F8FAFC')
    turtle.hideturtle()
    turtle.penup()

color = '#22C55E' if status == 'stable' else '#F59E0B' if status == 'warning' else '#EF4444'
    turtle.goto(-230, 150)
    turtle.color('#0F172A')
    turtle.write('City Energy Control Center', font=('Arial', 20, 'bold'))

turtle.goto(-230, 105)
    turtle.color(color)
    turtle.write('STATUS: ' + status.upper(), font=('Arial', 18, 'bold'))

turtle.goto(-230, 65)
    turtle.color('#334155')
    turtle.write('Need: ' + str(total_need) + ' MW   Supply: ' + str(total_supply) + ' MW   Gap: ' + str(gap) + ' MW', font=('Arial', 12, 'normal'))

turtle.goto(-230, 38)
    turtle.write('Environment Score: ' + str(env_score) + '/100', font=('Arial', 12, 'normal'))

y = 0
    turtle.color('#2563EB')
    turtle.write('Dispatch Plan:', font=('Arial', 13, 'bold'))
    for item in plan:
        y -= 28
        turtle.goto(-230, y)
        turtle.write('- ' + item, font=('Arial', 12, 'normal'))
    turtle.done()

# ==================== 六关任务区 ====================
if RUN_LEVEL == 1:
    print('第1关：嵌套字典保存城区能源数据')
    print('医院区数据：', districts['医院区'])
    print('医院区用电需求：', districts['医院区']['need'])
    print('医院区优先级：', districts['医院区']['priority'])
    print('污水处理厂数据：', city_facilities['污水处理厂'])

elif RUN_LEVEL == 2:
    print('第2关：items() 遍历城区、发电厂和环保设施')
    for name, info in districts.items():
        print(name, '| 用电:', info['need'], 'MW | 优先级:', info['priority'], '| 可限电:', info['can_reduce'], 'MW')
    print()
    for name, info in plants.items():
        print(name, '| 发电:', info['power'], 'MW | 类型:', info['type'], '| 污染:', info['pollution'])
    print()
    for name, info in city_facilities.items():
        print(name, '| 耗电:', info['power_need'], 'MW | 环保处理:', info['treatment'])

elif RUN_LEVEL == 3:
    print('第3关：sum() 汇总城市供需')
    total_need = calculate_need(districts, city_facilities)
    total_supply = calculate_supply(plants)
    env_score = calculate_environment_score(plants, city_facilities)
    print('城市总用电需求：', total_need, 'MW')
    print('城市总供电能力：', total_supply, 'MW')
    print('供需差：', total_supply - total_need, 'MW')
    print('环保评分：', env_score, '/100')

elif RUN_LEVEL == 4:
    print('第4关：函数 return 返回能源分析')
    total_need = calculate_need(districts, city_facilities)
    total_supply = calculate_supply(plants)
    gap, status, advice = analyze_energy(total_need, total_supply)
    print('gap =', gap)
    print('status =', status)
    print('advice =', advice)

elif RUN_LEVEL == 5:
    print('第5关：故障模拟 + sorted 优先级调度')
    print(apply_fault(plants, FAULT_STATION))
    total_need = calculate_need(districts, city_facilities)
    total_supply = calculate_supply(plants)
    env_score = calculate_environment_score(plants, city_facilities)
    gap, status, advice = analyze_energy(total_need, total_supply)
    print('当前状态：', status, '|', advice)
    print('环保评分：', env_score, '/100')
    print('保障顺序：')
    for name, info in get_dispatch_order(districts):
        print(name, 'priority =', info['priority'])

elif RUN_LEVEL == 6:
    print('第6关：城市能源控制中心 v1.0 完整发布')
    print(apply_fault(plants, FAULT_STATION))
    total_need = calculate_need(districts, city_facilities)
    total_supply = calculate_supply(plants)
    env_score = calculate_environment_score(plants, city_facilities)
    gap, status, advice = analyze_energy(total_need, total_supply)
    plan = make_dispatch_plan(districts, -gap)

print()
    print('=== 城市能源状态报告 ===')
    print('总用电需求：', total_need, 'MW')
    print('总供电能力：', total_supply, 'MW')
    print('供需差：', gap, 'MW')
    print('系统状态：', status)
    print('环保评分：', env_score, '/100')
    print('调度建议：', advice)
    print()
    print('发电站状态：')
    for name, info in plants.items():
        print(name, '| power =', info['power'], 'MW | type =', info['type'], '| pollution =', info['pollution'], '| online =', info['online'])
    print()
    print('环保设施状态：')
    for name, info in city_facilities.items():
        print(name, '| power_need =', info['power_need'], 'MW | treatment =', info['treatment'], '| online =', info['online'])
    print()
    print('限电/调度方案：')
    for item in plan:
        print('-', item)
    draw_energy_panel(total_need, total_supply, gap, status, env_score, plan)

else:
    print('关卡不存在，请输入 1-6。')

点击 ▶ 运行或按 Ctrl+Enter

预览区（HTML / turtle 输出）

📋 任务卡

1城市设施数据

用嵌套字典保存城区、发电厂和环保设施的数据。

💡运行后输入 1+10 XP

2遍历设施网络

用 items() 遍历城区、发电厂、垃圾分类中心和排污处理设施。

💡运行后输入 2+10 XP

3汇总供需与环保

用 sum() 汇总总需求、总供给和环保评分。

💡运行后输入 3+10 XP

4能源分析函数

用函数 return 返回供需差、状态和建议。

💡运行后输入 4+10 XP

5故障与排序

用 online 模拟水电、核能、垃圾发电或污水处理故障。

💡运行后输入 5，可修改 FAULT_STATION+10 XP

6发布能源控制中心

整合多能源、环保设施、故障预警、优先级调度和 turtle 面板，生成能源报告。

💡运行后输入 6+10 XP

🎁 完成全部 +30 XP

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